Light and Darkness in Macbeth free essay sample

Shakespearean literature is often characterised by imagery. William Shakespeare uses this technique in order to give hidden deeper meanings to his pieces, as we can see in the play Macbeth. As a matter of fact, in this tragedy the audience can find many different types of imagery: plant, animal, sleep, clothing and so forth. Most of these images are associated with a human characteristic; the imagery of light and darkness is no exception. The symbols of light and darkness in Macbeth are used to illustrate the contrasts between good and evil, to explain the actions of the protagonists, and are associated with sight and blindness to emphasize drama. Being two contrasting elements, the characteristics associated with light and darkness are also opposite; light is related to innocence, truth and purity, while darkness is associated with corruption, cruelty and guilt. In Macbeth, there are many different references to these two elements, and each one is connected to certain symbols which take the form of animals, plants, day, and night. We will write a custom essay sample on Light and Darkness in Macbeth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ultimately, light and darkness represent good and evil. In the first scenes of Act I, the imagery of light is used when King Duncan names Malcolm as his successor and commends Macbeth for his bravery in battle by comparing them to stars, â€Å"†¦ signs of nobleness, like stars, shall shine / On all deservers† (1. 4. 41-12). Duncan explains that he will award those who are virtuous and dutiful to him, because they deserve it. Because of these good qualities, namely honour and devotion, the person will shine like a star, since light is seen as good. Macbeth, however, already begins to ignore these values, â€Å"†¦Stars, hide your fires! / Let not light see my black and deep desires ;†( 1. 4. 50-52) In this case, light represents goodness and honesty. Macbeth does not want his morals to interfere with his inner ambitions. His conscience warns him not to commit the regicide, but Macbeth’s ambition and Lady Macbeth’s power of persuasion are strong, and they defeat his morality. Evil, his ‘black and deep desires’, is begin to take control of him. Light and darkness are also used to illustrate life and death. On the evening King Duncan is murdered, Lennox reports that the fire in his chimney was mysteriously blown out (2. 3. 3); the fire represented the King’s life. It is also strangely dark on the morning after the night of King Duncan’s murder, and Ross says to the Old Man, â€Å"by the clock, ‘tis day, / And yet dark night strangles the travelling lamp† (2. 4. 6-7). This signifies the start of darkness taking over Scotland, but can also be seen as a metaphor for Duncan’s life being ‘strangled’ by Macbeth, ‘the dark night’. Another example of darkness overtaking light occurs when Banquos torchlight (the one that illuminates him just enough so his murderers can see what theyre doing) is snuffed out the moment he is killed (3. 3. 5). Lastly, Macbeth responds to the news of Lady Macbeths suicide by proclaiming out, out brief candle (5. 5. 3), using the candles flame as a metaphor for her short life and sudden death. The image of the candle is used to show how vulnerable life is. It does not last for a long time and it is easily blown out. Macbeth learns this at a very high cost: his tragic end. The association of light and darkness does not only contrast and illustrate, but it is also used predominately by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, to foreshadow and describe their actions and feelings. Darkness is evidently used much more than light, and when light is mentioned, it is usually snuffed out or overtaken by darkness. This first occurs when Lady Macbeth asks thick night to come with the smoke of hell, so that her knife will not see the wound it makes in the peacefully sleeping King. She also calls for murderous spirits to prevent heaven from peep[ing] through the blanket of the dark to cry Hold, Hold! she implies that light (here associated with God, heaven, and goodness) offers protection from evil and is the only thing that can stop her from murdering Duncan (1. 5. 10-16). Later in the play, the audience can see that Macbeth does the same. After he has made the arrangements for the murder of Banquo, Macbeth tells the murderers that   Fleance his son, that keeps him company, Whose absence is no less material to me Than is his fathers, must embrace the fate Of that dark hour (3. 1. 134-137). The hour will be dark both literally and metaphorically. Literally, Banquo and Fleance will be riding after dark, and thats when they will be ambushed. Metaphorically, the hour will be dark because thats when they will meet the final darkness of death. Macbeth is asking the night to take away Banquos life, because Banquo makes Macbeth pale with fear, â€Å"Come, sealing night, Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day; And with thy bloody and invisible hand Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond Which keeps me pale! † (3. 2. 50) In scenes after the Ghost of Banquo has ruined Macbeths banquet Macbeth asks his wife â€Å"What is the night?   She answers, â€Å"Almost at odds with morning, which is which (3. 4. 125-126). Then Macbeth states his intention to continue his bloody course of action, and says,  Strange things I have in head, that will to hand; / which must be acted ere they may be scannd (3. 4. 138-39). Through these evil deeds, it is evident that Shakespeare wanted to emphasize the fact that darkness easily overtakes light. When one puts a bowl over a lit candle, its light is no longer seen. In the same way that sight and light, and blindness and darkness are used together in this analogy, Shakespeare uses these symbols together to amplify the themes certain scenes. When Macbeth is imagining what would happen if he was to kill King Duncan, he says that   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Pity, like a naked new-born babe, Striding the blast, or heavens cherubim, horsed Upon the sightless couriers of the air, Shall blow the horrid deed in every eye, That tears shall drown the wind. Here, the sightless couriers of the air are the winds, imagined as invisible (sightless) horses. This elaborate metaphor suggests that pity for King Duncan will be like that kind of wind that blows so hard that it brings tears to your eyes. Another example is when Macbeth sees the illusion of the eight kings escorted by Banquo. As soon as Macbeth sees this, he wishes he that he could stop looking, but cannot. When he sees the first king, he says to him,  Thy crown does sear mine eye-balls , yet he keeps looking. By the time the fourth one appears, he says,  Start, eyes! (4. 1. 116), as though he could command his own eyes to jump (start) out of his head and make him blind. Like Macbeth, Lady Macbeth also has something that she does not want to see in her sleepwalking scene. She enters the scene holding a candle, and when the doctor asks her gentlewoman how the lady happens to have the candle, the gentlewoman replies,  Why, it stood by her: she has light by her continually; tis her command.   The doctor then points out,  You see, her eyes are open (5. 1. 24), and the gentlewoman replies,  Ay, but their sense is shut (5. 1. 25). Thus we see that Lady Macbeth, who eagerly awaited the dark hour of King Duncans murder, is now afraid of the dark, and though her eyes are open, she can see only her own memories of murder. Shakespeare uses the symbols of sight and blindness to emphasize the theme of guilt by personifying the guilt of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Much of this play is filled with the struggle between light and darkness, the epic battle of good versus evil, and the theme is enforced by recurring images and Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s relation to them. It is, however, the precision of Shakespeare’s’ imagery, which creates clear and vivid mental pictures, that gives his writing its  unique style and quality. Shakespeare teaches an important lesson through these symbols: that if we let darkness into our lives it will take over the light unless we make an effort to change.

The eNotes Blog Sylvia Fitz in Time forGatsby

Sylvia Fitz in Time forGatsby Anyone who has ever marked up a page of The Great Gatsby, youre in good company. Dangerous Minds this week posted a page from Sylvia Plaths own copy, complete with annotations. But of course, as theyre Sylvia Plaths, we inevitably find ourselves reading into them The excerpt comes from the first chapter of the novel. In it, Daisy tells Nick and company her reaction to the birth of her daughter. Heres exactly what Plath found so interesting on the page: She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. ‘All right,’ I said, ‘I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool that’s the best thing a girl can be in the world, a beautiful little fool.’ â€Å"You see I think everything’s terrible anyhow,† she went on in a convinced way. â€Å"Everybody thinks so -nthe most advanced people. And I  know. I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything.† Her eyes flashed around her in a defiant way, rather like Tom’s, and she laughed with thrilling scorn. â€Å"Sophisticated God, I’m sophisticated!† In the margin beside the highlighted second paragraph, Plath wrote the comment lennui. So  whereas Nick felt the basic insincerity of what she had said, Plath herself felt Daisy to be suffering from listlessness. Was she sympathetic to Daisys cynical views of the world? Seemingly, the passage resonated enough with Plath for her to mark it up like that. But should we take meaning from it, or simply chalk it up to active reading? Any thoughts eNoters?

Human Resources Labor Relations, Employee Relations, and Global HR Essay

Human Resources Labor Relations, Employee Relations, and Global HR - Essay Example The preliminary survey result will then be collated and submitted to the management which will include my professional evaluation and recommendation focusing on the major issues that the employees are facing and probable bargaining solutions as deemed appropriate. Informal recorded meetings will also be held with the union members prior to the actual negotiation so that preliminary solutions can be drafted. This way, the management will be prepared and the employees' side will also be fairly represented. This is a very important task of a supervisor because the absence of safety regulations in a manufacturing firm could mean not just loss of assets or income but employees' lives as well. The first thing that I would do is form a committee that would plan and come up with safety standards. This will include experts on the machines or equipment that are being used, operators, engineers, electricians, production managers, and maintenance personnel. The first task for this committee is to gather essential information on the machines being used focusing on the risks or possible hazards that these will cause. After gathering adequate information, general guidelines will be established. Operators and maintenance personnel will be required to keep a logbook regarding the machine usage and maintenance frequency and requirements. The information will be used to re-assess the guidelines and to come up with specific policies. A module will be developed with the help and supervision of machine e xperts and this module will be used to train all the employees working in the manufacturing plant. Everybody should be aware of proper ways to do their jobs and to ensure their safety. Periodic training should be given so that employees' competency will be assured. As the supervisor, I should also make sure that resources will be allocated properly and that the employees will be provided with complete uniform and safety gears and wearing of these will be strictly implemented. Aside from training and provision of resources, the committee will be tasked to continuously monitor and to submit regular reports about the over-all condition on the plant floor. Individual safety handbooks and general policies and procedures will be provided and safety reminders will be posted wherever appropriate. Last but not the least, formal and informal means of airing out complaints and opinions will be established and in case of accidents, everybody will be made aware of what to do and who to call. Thi s way, the employees in the manufacturing plant will have a sense of security and confidence that they know the risks involved and are prepared for possible incidents in the plant. Scenario Three: One of your plant managers will be sent to your sister company in Bulgaria for a period of three years. Write an expatriation and repatriation plan for this employee. The expatriation plan will be divided into three: Base salary, benefits, and incentives. The base salary for the plant manager to Bulgaria will be equivalent to what he or she is

Add introduction and conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Add introduction and conclusion - Essay Example The business world has embraced Microsoft as a boon in the business word especially the effectiveness of Microsoft excel and Microsoft word, which has made business operations easier, manageable, and accurate. Microsoft has contributed to the business world and shaped the face of the modern business primarily through its major creation called Windows and such products as Word and Excel, and it also shaped the Internet and internet-related practices as people know them now. Since the creation of Windows 1.0, Microsoft has dominated the lives of people not only in daily life but also in business life. Nowadays, Windows is on ninety percent of the worlds desktops including those in offices. The creation of Windows granted people, including business people, easier and faster access to the Internet. True to what Bill Gates posits, the Internet makes the world smaller (Sparacio, 2010). Just as personal relationships are all about connections and connectedness, establishment of business relations is through connecting to individuals, other businesses, and economy in general. These connections go a mile in maintaining the thriving of the business. Thus, staying connected has its business value. I nternet is responsible for the Modern and the most advanced mode of connecting. Regardless of location, small, medium-sized and large, corporate businesses connect to one another by means of the Internet, which effectively and efficiently substitutes phone calls and faxes and often eliminates a necessity to pay visits in person. The global net allows businesspersons to organize international meetings in a form of web conferences, discuss business matters in chats, or study the companies’ profiles on networks like LinkedIn, Facebook, etc. Gate sees the Internet as the center of attention for businesses around the globe. In the years ahead, the Internet will have an even more profound effect on the way we work, live, and learn† (Sparacio,

Twelve Angry Men Intros Essay Example for Free

Twelve Angry Men Intros Essay Set in the summer of 1957, Reginald Roses play, Twelve Angry Men, highlights the importance of speaking out for what is right. Rose demonstrates through characterisation that prejudice and preconceptions can conceal the truth. From the inception, Rose presents a biased jury who is convinced of the boys guilt based on preconceived notions. However it is through Juror 8, that Rose advocates that justice and fairness can prevail over prejudice if just one virtuous person is willing to speak out. Juror 8 is depicted as the epitome of a fair and conscientious juror who is prepared to stand alone in order to ensure a fair verdict is delivered. Although the other jurors initially lacked equity, they discover their inner voice through Juror 8 and are able to deliver a legitimate verdict. Twelve Angry Men demonstrates the weakness of the jury system. Do you agree? Reginald Roses play,Twelve Angry Men, highlights not only the fragility of the jury system, but also its strength. Rose presents to the audience that it is more by luck than legal support that the accused was acquitted, therefore implying that the jury system is flawed. Initially Rose presents a biased jury who is convinced of the boys guilt based on preconceived notions. This emphasises a major flaw of the jury system, being that prejudice can obscure the truth. In addition, the jurors votes are also influenced heavily by their own personal backgrounds. This is evident in Juror 3 and 10 especially. However it is through Juror 8s virtuous motives of finding a reasonable doubt that ensured a just verdict was delivered. Juror 8 was the only person able to look past personal prejudices from the beginning, and through perseverance was able to guide other fellow jurors to deliberate honestly and thoughtfully. Thus, Rose shows the audience that the jury system is capable of securing justice.

Color Blindness in The White Boy Shuffle, by Paul Beatty Essay

Generally speaking, â€Å"color blindness† is understood to be the best way to engage racial problem. This concept is revealed and discussed in Paul Beatty’s novel, "The White Boy Shuffle". The novel portrays a young African American Gunnar’s life story that mainly focuses on his experiences and identities in different places. In the part of Gunnar’s childhood life in Santa Monica when mostly surrounded by white individuals, he is continuously indoctrinated with the idea of â€Å"color blindness† which is widely advocated by people in this community in order to alleviate racism. However, with massive exposure of â€Å"color blindness† ideology and application in Mestizo Mulatto Mongrel Elementary, the novel addresses color blindness is not a practical method for dealing with racism by exhibiting awkward contradictions it creates between â€Å"color† ignorance methodology and color detectable eyesight of human nature. Based on the encou nters from Gunnar in the novel, massively using the concept of â€Å"color blindness† will not change people and society’s perspective toward colored races. The superficial and ineffectiveness from this idea stress the difference between races. Implicitly, it is a new mode of racism. The only way to eliminate color-oriented issues is by acknowledging the difference between races and all amalgamate into one homogenous group. The novel firstly shows the idea of â€Å"color blindness† by staging of a teacher’s T-shirt, the T-shirt has words â€Å"black†, â€Å"white†, â€Å"red†, â€Å"yellow†, â€Å"brown† and â€Å"human† on it, which means that color of the skin is an ignorable fact under the definition of Human being. (28) To make this idea seemingly sound to students, Ms. Cegeny further addresses it by writing â€Å"Eracism-The sun doesn’t care what color you... ...he sacrifice is necessary. These two words indicate the current status of our society’s transformation. The process maybe painful, but the payoff will be worthwhile. The final equilibrium and balance between individuals can be accomplished by acknowledging difference without dividing races like grey harmonious elephants. These passages are based on the development of Gunnar’s comprehension and vision about colorblindness. From a believer to a critic, from a listener to a questioner, from the above discussion incorporated, this novel rebuts toward the effectiveness of colorblindness and illustrated about the new type of racism it creates. Lastly, through Gunnar’s reading about black and white elephants, advocated an idea of combing and bonding instead of dividing. Works Cited Beatty, Paul. The White Boy Shuffle, Henry Holt and Company :New York, 1996. Print.

Perception on the functionality of the school library Essay

Chapter I Background of the Study A school library is a library within a school where students, staff, and often, parents of a public (state) or private (fee paying) school have access to a variety of resources. The goal of the school library is to ensure that all members of the school community have equitable access â€Å"to books and reading, to information, and to information technology. † A school library â€Å"uses all types of media are automated, and utilize the Internet for information gathering. † School libraries are distinct from public libraries because they serve as â€Å"learner-oriented laboratories which support, extend, and individualize the school’s curriculum. A school library serves as the center and coordinating agency for all material used in the school. † Across the United States, research has shown that students in schools with good school libraries learn more, get better grades, and score higher on standardized test scores than their peers in schools without libraries. From Alaska to North Carolina, more than 60 studies have shown clear evidence of this connection between student achievement and the presence of school libraries with qualified school library media specialists. In the Philippines there is a severe lack of public libraries. Reading programs are not enough, by themselves alone, to achieve the overall and longer-term objective of making children fall in love with reading and become regular readers for life. Read-along are great in sparking a child’s initial interest in books and reading. But something more is needed to convert that initial interest into a real love of books and a lifetime reading habit. According to experts, children need at least two other things to actually adopt such a habit: (1) As much guidance, encouragement and example as they can get from their usual role models – their parents, teachers, and older siblings — and (2) regular access to books and other reading materials. As far as I know, some of the students of DCHS are using the library for past time and group chatting not for gathering information, references, and researching their homework’s. DCHS library has a low rate of students visited every day because they think reading books is so boring. I conducted this survey to motivate the students to visit the libraries and to improve their reading and writing skills, English language arts, fine arts and etc. This survey will help us to improve the library and improve the interest of the students. Statement of the problem The main purpose of this study was determined the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library. What is the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library? Is there a significant difference in the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library in terms of : section? gender? Null Hypothesis The following null hypothesis had been formulated using 0. 05 level of the significance for the present study: There is no significant difference in the perception on the functionality of the school library in terms of section and gender. Review of Related Literature A significant number of relevant literature and related studies have been compiled in this section by the researcher to provide some general basis of the design and conduct of the study. Bosah L. Eghoso conducted a survey that studied about the Perception of the library by secondary school students in enhancing success in their examinations. After the success of his survey, Bosah found a conclusion that both private and public schools relegated the library to the background in teaching and learning in recent times. Private schools proprietors do not see for expanding their finances in libraries especially when they can make their students pass their examinations through dubious methods. Dr. Zeynep Filiz, said that every two library meet the student’s information. He conducted a survey that studied about the service quality of university: A survey amongst student at Osmangazi University and Anadolu University. A total of 400 usable responses were received. About 70% of the respondents were men and 50% of responses were from Osmangazi University. About 75% of respondents had used the library more than six times, and 51% of respondents indicated they relied on the library staff when using the library. Moreover, about 35 of respondents said they intended to use the library in the future and recommended others to use the library. Sofi Zahoor Ahmad said that more than 89% rural and 90% urban schools claim existence of a library with no standard physical requirements and specifications, She condected a survey entitled A Survey of Senior Secondary School Libraries in Jammu and Kashmir India. This give her a conclusion that 89. 55% are housed in insufficiently spaced single rooms within the schools while 5. 47% are accommodated in principal offices where students always have inhibitions to go. However, a few schools 4. 97% possess separate library blocks, though these also lack the basics of a library design. No significant difference is revealed while assessing the rural-urban statistics relating to the library housing and location. Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose said that in Benin City, do not have a library period for the students, and as a result students can never be taught how to make use of the library. He conducted a survey entitled â€Å"A survey on the Present State of School Libraries in Benin City majority of the schools investigated†. School libraries in Imo State lack adequate accommodation, materials, and funds, as well as trained staff to manage the libraries in Imo state. These are similar to what is on ground in Benin City where unqualified staff manages the school libraries. Which revealed the various libraries’ staff strength, it can be deduced that all the libraries under investigation are understaffed; Human resources in libraries contribute to the standards of that particular library. This research revealed that all the schools visited are under stocked with library materials. A majority of the schools visited in Benin City have outdated books which are very dusty, where they existed. It is very unfortunate that most of our school libraries in Benin City are staffed by unqualified staff and non-librarians, which fall short of minimum standard of a school library. Emmanuel E. Baro said that only a few library schools offer the course information literacy as a stand-alone course in their curricula. His survey entitled â€Å"A survey of information literacy education in library schools in Africa†. Results from the study revealed that, presently, only a few library schools offer the course IL as a stand-alone course in their curricula. Many library schools have not yet incorporated â€Å"IL† as a stand-alone course in their LIS curricula; rather, it is briefly discussed as a topic in related courses. Although not all the library schools in Africa were examined due to language barrier, more than 60 library schools were investigated, among them 20 institutions were found offering IL courses or a related area. This studies the researcher compiled is related to the researchers’ studies, because it is about a survey of perception on different students towards school library. It is also about enhancing the school libraries to encourage students to visit. It is also to motivate students to make their assignment and gather information in the library because one of the most fundamental areas responsible for the dwindling educational standards and fortunes in our educational system is the area of the library education and library service utilization among students. Significance of the Study The results of this study are generally aimed at providing information and ideas that are fundamental to functioning successfully in today’s information and knowledge-based society. The result is deemed significant to the academic community but mostly valuable to these groups of people: 1. Administration. The proposed study helps the institution to be more aware of what the students need in a library to develop and improve students learning progress. It also helps the administration to improve the library in the way the student’s needs. 2. Teachers. The proposed study helps the teachers in preparing classroom curriculum or seeking professional development resources. It also helps the teachers in their research to improve their visual aids. 3. Parents. The proposed study helps the parents to have a small library at home to improve the basic needs of their child. 4. Students. The proposed study helps the student to have very good concentration in their study. It also helps the students know the lesson in advance by searching the book in the library. CHAPTER II METHOD This chapter presents the research design, research subject, sampling method, research instrument, data gathering procedure and statistical treatment of the data. Research Design Descriptive research is a research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group. These studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists, determining the frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information. May be used to reveal summary statistics by showing responses to all possible questionnaire items. It can provide leads in identifying needed changes and it may be used to explore relationships between two or more variables. In this research study, it intends to describe the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library through conducting this study and by having a survey on how useful a library is. In this study, the researcher will attempt to describe how students find the functionality of the school library behind the difference between the gender and section of the respondents. Research Subject This study gathered the percentage of students of the fourth year level of the Davao Central High School in relation with their perception on the functionality of the school library. The actual population of these students is seventy-five, due to a limited time and resources, by using the Slovin’s formula, the researcher would only take nineteen respondents from Confucius; twenty-four respondents from Mencius and twenty respondents from Lao Tzu to have a total of sixty-three respondents. Solution: n=N/-(1+Ne^2 ), where N(75) is the actual population, e is the percent error (5%) † =† â€Å"75† /-(â€Å"1+75† (? â€Å"0. 05† ? ^†2†³ ) ) =63 In table 1, it is indicated that the actual population of 75 (100%) is divided into two clusters which consists of 14 (19%) females and 9 (12%) males in Confucius; 16 (21%) females and 12 (16%) males in Mencius; 14 (19%) females and 10 (13%) males in Lao Tzu and a total of 44 (59%) females and 31 (41%) males. Using the Slovin’s formula, the number of samples decreased into 63 (100%) which now consists of 12 (19%) females and 7 (11%) males in Confucius; 14 (22%) females and 10(16%) males in Mencius; 12(19%) females and 8(13%) males in Lao Tzu and a total of 38 (60%) females and 25 (40%) males. Sampling Procedure In this research study, the researcher will use the systematic random sampling method. In systematic random sampling method, the researcher will conduct a survey through selecting sample members from the population according to a random starting point and a fixed, periodic interval. Typically, every ninth member is selected from the total population for inclusion in the sample population. The researcher chose this since that based in the researcher’s estimation, there are sixty percent in the fourth year level students are using the library every day. Thus, the researcher comes up with an idea on using the systematic random sampling method in conducting this research study. The researchers wrote all the names of the fourth year students in a paper and arranged by section. The researchers selected a number that he/she likes; and lastly the researcher selected the respondents every â€Å"ninth† of the names until he gets 63 respondents. Table 1. Distribution of Respondents Section ClustersPopulationSample Number NPercent (%)Number nPercent (%) ConfuciusFemale1461%1261% Male939%739% Total2331%1931% MenciusFemale 1657%1457% Male1243%1043% Total2837%2437%. Lao TzuFemale1458%1258% Male1042%842% Total2432%2032% OverallFemale4459%3859% Male3141%2541% Total75100%63100% Research Instrument The research instrument consisted of fifteen-item questionnaires that are divided into two categories (students and library) on whether the library is functional to the fourth yr. students. The respondents will respond to a five-point scale ranging from very positive, positive, fair, negative and very negative. Items on the questionnaire were drawn from literature on the normal reasons for answering the question on what is the perception on the functionality of the school library. The proposed survey questionnaire is self-constructed. In order to interpret the response of the research subjects, Table 2 will be used as basis. Table 2. Quality Index Mean ScoreQualitative Description 4. 20 – 5. 00Very Positive 3. 40 – 4. 19Positive 2. 60 – 3. 39Fair 1. 80 – 2. 59 Negative 1. 00 – 1. 79Very Negative Data Gathering Procedure This research survey had been conducted by the use of systematic random sampling method. Through this, the first 65 students in the fourth year level will serve as the respondents for this research survey. The procedure of conducting this research survey is as follows: The researchers distributed the survey questionnaire to the 63 students that has been randomly selected and ask to answer the survey. After the student had answered the questionnaire, the researchers gathered the entire survey questionnaire and thanking the students who had answered the following survey questionnaire. Statistical Treatment In this survey, the researcher used the following statistical tool to analyze the gathered data of this study: Mean. By using the mean, the researcher had been able to get the average of students’ sample population which is using the school library. Since, that the respondents are divided into two clusters, the researcher also get the average percentage of every male and female respondents of this survey. Standard Deviation. In standard deviation, it showed how much variation exists from the average mean. In short, this measured the confidence of the respondents in statistical conclusions. t-test. The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. This analysis is appropriate whenever you want to compare the means of two groups. Through the use of t-test, the researcher had been able to distinguish the difference on the perception on the functionality of the students on the school library in terms of their gender and section. Chapter III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This chapter presents the data obtained through the survey conducted, and the analysis of the data using the appropriate statistical treatment and the interpretation of the results obtained. Problem No. 1 What is the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library? Table 3 Perception of the Students on the Functionality of the School Library by Gender GenderMeanStandard DeviationQualitative Description Male2. 950. 39Fair Female2. 960. 52Fair Overall2. 960. 46Fair Table 3 summarizes the perception of the fourth year students on the functionality of the school library when classified according to gender. The data shows that the mean of male students is 2. 95 with a standard deviation of 0. 39 which is interpreted as fair. Moreover, the female students obtained a mean of 2. 96 with a standard deviation of 0. 52 that can  be interpreted as fair. Comparatively, it can be generalized that 4th year females are more aware of the functionality of the school library than 4th year boys. The table explains that the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library has an overall mean of 2. 96 in terms of gender that can also be interpreted as fair. The female students of all 4th year are aware of the functionality of the school library than the male, because the female students obtained a mean of 2. 96 and a 0. 52 standard deviation that can also be interpreted as fair. Table 4  Perception of the Students on the Functionality of the School Library by Section SectionMeanStandard DeviationQualitative Description Confucius2. 910. 46Fair Mencius2. 990. 45Fair Lao Tzu2. 970. 49Fair Overall2. 960. 46Fair Table 4 presents the perception of fourth year students on the functionality of the school library when categorized according to section. The data shows that the mean of Confucius students is 2. 91 with a standard deviation of 0. 46 which is interpreted as fair. Furthermore, Mencius students obtained a mean of 2. 99 with a standard deviation of 0. 45 that is interpreted fair. The mean of Lao Tzu is 2. 97 with a standard deviation of 0. 49 that is interpreted as fair. It can be generalized from the data that the Mencius students are more aware of the functionality school library than the other two sections. As a whole, the mean of all the 4th year students who were chosen as the respondents for this study is 2. 96 with a standard deviation of 0. 46 which indicates that the overall level of usage of the school library is fair. The table explains that the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library has an overall mean of 2. 96 in terms of section that can also be interpreted as fair. The 4th year Mencius students are more aware of the functionality of the school library than the two other 4th year sections because the 4th year Confucius students obtained a mean of 2. 91 and a 0. 46 standard deviation that can also be interpreted as fair. The 4th year Lao Tzu students obtained a mean of 2. 97 and a 0. 49 standard deviation that can also be interpreted as fair. Problem 2. Is there a significant difference in the perception of the students on the functionality of the school library in terms of gender and section? Table 5 Gender and Perception of the Students GenderMeanMean DifferenceComputed t-valueTabular t-valueDecisionConclusion Male2. 95-0. 01-0. 011. 99Accept NullThere is no significant difference Female2. 96 Table 5 shows the results of the t-test between the level of awareness of the parents and their gender. As presented on the table, the mean difference of the male and female respondents is -0. 01. Since the computed t-value of -0. 01 is lesser than the tabular value of 1. 99 at 0. 05 level of significance with 61 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the students of the functionality on the school library in terms of their gender. The table explains that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of the students of the functionality on the school library in terms of their gender because of the mean of the males is lesser than the mean of the females it also apply on the computed t-value and tabular t-value. The data shows that the mean of 4th year male students are 2. 95 while the 4th year female students are 2. 96 with a mean difference of -0. 01, a computed t-value of -0. 01, and a tabular table of 1. 99. Table 6 Section and Perception of the Students SectionMeanMean DifferenceComputed t-valueTabular t-valueDecisionConclusion Confucius2. 91-0. 08-0. 112. 02Accept NullThere is no significant difference Mencius2. 99 Confucius2. 91-0. 06-0. 082. 03Accept NullThere is no significant difference Lao Tzu2. 97 Mencius2. 990. 020. 032. 02Accept NullThere is no significant difference Lao Tzu2. 97 Table 6 shows the results of the t-test between the perceptions of the respondents and their section. As presented on the table, the mean difference of the Confucius and Mencius respondents is -0. 08. Since the computed t-value of -0. 11 is lesser than the tabular value of 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significance with 41 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of Confucius and Mencius students on the functionality of the school library. . On the other hand, the mean difference of the Confucius and Lao Tzu respondents is -0. 06. Since the computed t-value of -0. 08 is less than the tabular value of 2. 03 at 0. 05 level of significance with 37 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of Confucius and Lao Tzu students on the functionality of the school library. Moreover, the mean difference of the Mencius and Lao Tzu respondents is 0. 02. Since the computed t-value of 0. 03 is less than the tabular value of 2. 02 at 0. 05 level of significance with 42 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is no significant difference between the perceptions of Mencius and Lao Tzu students on the functionality of the school library. As a whole, it can be generalized that the perceptions of the 4th year students are aware of the functionality of the school library. Chapter IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary The study is about the functionality of the school library based on the students’ perception. The respondents in the study are the selected 4th year student of Davao Central High School. The method used in this study is the systematic random sampling wherein the researcher would pick out members from population according to the random starting point. The researchers choose this kind of sampling due to the researchers’ estimation that there will be about sixty percent of 4th year student who are using the school’s library every day. Thus, the researchers will be writing all the names of the students in a paper then he/she will pick a number that the researcher likes and lastly the researcher selects the respondents every â€Å"ninth† of the names until the researcher will get 63 respondents. Conclusion After the careful analysis of the data gathered, the researchers reached the following conclusions: 1. The level of perception on the functionality of the school library is fair. Female is more aware of the functionality of the school library than male. Section Mencius has the highest mean followed by section Lao Tzu and section Confucius. 2. There is no significant difference in the perceptions of the students on the functionality of the school library in terms of their gender. Recommendation The administration should improve the library in the way the students’ needs. The teachers should give the students an assignments or projects that can be found able at the library. The parents should have their own mini-library at hone to improve the basic needs of their child. The researchers would like to recommend to the future researchers to do some related studies about the school libraries. The researchers would like to propose some that they could also conduct a study about the usefulness of the diff. facilities, and the completeness of the references of the library.